What medical procedure involves viewing internal structures through a scope?

The medical procedure that involves viewing internal structures through a scope is a colonoscopy. This procedure specifically utilizes a long, flexible tube equipped with a camera and light source, allowing healthcare professionals to examine the interior of the colon and rectum. Colonoscopies are crucial for diagnosing conditions such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and other gastrointestinal issues.

In contrast to the options presented, while ultrasound and CT scans use imaging technology to visualize internal structures, they do not involve direct viewing through a scope. An ultrasound employs sound waves to create images, and a CT scan uses X-ray technology to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the body. Similarly, an X-ray provides images of the body's internal structures but does so through radiation rather than through a direct visual examination using a scope like in a colonoscopy.